The PhD represents the third and highest level of university education.
The programme lasts three years and is designed to provide candidates with the skills required to conduct high-level research in universities, public institutions, or private organizations, as well as to pursue independent professional careers. It contributes to the development of the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area.
Admission to a PhD programme requires a second-cycle degree (Master’s degree or equivalent), a degree awarded under the previous Italian university system, or a foreign qualification deemed suitable for admission purposes only.
Access to PhD programmes is limited and subject to a public selection process.
The title of PhD is awarded upon successful completion of a final examination, which consists in the public defence of the doctoral thesis.